Several technologies are used depending on the application:

• Pressure decay: measures pressure loss over time in non-porous devices
• Vacuum decay: detects pressure increase in a vacuum chamber, widely used for sterile packaging integrity
• Mass flow: measures the flow needed to maintain a target pressure
• Tracer gas detection: offers very high sensitivity for critical or micro-leak applications

Each method is selected based on material, internal volume, target leak rate and cycle time.